1. 過去完成時用法
過去完成時用法講解
1、概述
過去完成時表示過去某一時間或動作以前已經發生或完成了的動作.它表示動作發生的時間是「過去的過去巧輪」.表示過去某一時間可用by, before等構成的短語,也可用when, before等引導的從句或通過上下代表示.
His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he had long expected. 當她終於收到她盼望已久的雜志時,她興奮得兩眼閃光.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.12歲時,愛迪生就開始自己謀生.
2、構成
過去完成時由「助動詞had+過去分詞」構成.其否定式、肯定式、疑問式如下表：
肯定式 否定式 疑問式
I(we) I(We) you
You had read it. had not read it Had they read it?
He(She, They) He(She ,They) he
注意：had not 常簡略為hadn't.
They asked me to have a drink with them and said it was at least ten years since I had enjoyed a good drink. 他們請我和他們一起喝酒,並說我自上次喝酒到現在至少十年了.
We had learnt 30 lessons by the end of last month.到上個月末為止,我們已經學了30課.
He said we hadn』t seen each other since I left Beijing.自從我離開北京,我們還沒見過面.
3、過去完成時的用法
過去完成時的主要用法和現在完成時一樣.不同的是,過去完成時把時間推移到了過去某一時間之前,與現在無關.
（1）過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作以前已經完成了的動作.這個過去的時間狀語有by, before等介詞短語或when, before等引導的從句.
Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home. 海倫把鑰匙忘到辦公室里了,因此她不得不等她丈夫回來.
When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.當我們到達電影院時,電影已經開始了.
He told me that he had visited the Great Wall before.他告訴我他以前參觀過長城.
By the end of the match, they had kicked 2 goals, and we had kicked 4.比賽結束時,他們踢進了2個球而我們踢進了4個球.
When Jack arrived he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.傑克到達後得知瑪嫌梁麗走了近一個小時了.
（2）表芹寬運示動作在過去某一時間之前開始,一直延續到過去的這一時間,而且還可能繼續下去的動作,常和for, since構成的短語或引導的從句連用.
The news came as no surprise to me. I had known for some time that the factory was going to shut down. 聽到這個消息我並不感到吃驚.工廠要倒閉這件事我早就知道了.
By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years.到我畢業時,他已經教那個班三年了.
He said he had made great progress since he came here.他說自從他來這里他已經取得了很大進步.
（3）用於表示與過去事實相反的虛擬條件從句或as if從句中表示與過去事實相反
If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.假如他昨天看到你,他就會問你這件事了.
I should have called you if I had known your telephone number.假如我過去知道你的電話號碼,我就給你打電話了.
He described the scene as if he had been there.他描繪的景色如同他去過那裡一樣.
Had I known that you wanted the book, I would have sent it.如果我知道你要這本書,我會送來的.
（4）表示假設的賓語從句
放在像said,told,asked,thought,wondered等過去時動詞的後面,表示在這些動作發生之前已經發生了的事情.
My friend told me that he had passed the exam.我的朋友告訴我,他已通過了考試.
He asked me whether I had seen the film the night before.他問我頭一天晚上是否看過那部電影.
She wondered who had left the door open.她想知道誰敞著門的.
（5）用在 "It was the first/second/third…time that…」句型中
在此句型中,主句用了一般過去時,that引導的定語從句要用過去完成時.
This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years. 這是39年裡他們第一次見面.
It was the first time we had spoken together. 這是我們第一次在一起說話.
（6）intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等動詞的過去完成時可以表示一個本來打算做而沒有做的事
這種結構也可以表示過去未曾實現的設想、意圖或希望等,含有某種惋惜.
I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.我本來昨天打算要去看你,但我來了個不速之客.
We had meant to tell her the news but found that she wasn』t in.我們本想把這個消息告訴她的,但發現她不在家.
（7）過去完成時常用結構有「hardly, scarcely, barely … when, no sooner… than等副詞的句子里.
She hardly had gone to bed when the bell rang.他剛睡下鈴就響了.
No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded.他們剛剛離開大樓,一顆炸彈就爆炸了.
（8）當before , after, as soon as 等引導的從句里的動作與主句的動作緊接時,由於這些連詞本身已經說明了兩個動作發生的先後關系,因此兩個動作均可用一般過去時表示.
We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.做完早操之後,我們吃早飯.
The train started to move just before we reached the station.我們到車站時火車剛開動.
As soon as they got there, they started to study.他們一到那裡就開始學習了.
2. 推薦電影的英語文章
電影是一門年輕的綜合敬啟蘆藝術,同時也是科學進步與工業亮帶革命的產物,深深地打上了商業文明的烙印。它本身兼具了藝術旁此性與商品性的雙重屬性,是一種特殊的商品。下面是我帶來的是推薦電影的英文文章，歡迎閱讀!
Alien is a 1979 science fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott, starring Tom Skerritt andSigourney Weaver. The film's title refers to its primary character: a highly aggressive extra-terrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship. The alien gets onto the shipafter the crew board a derelictalien spacecraft. Inside it they find the remains of a large aliencreature whose ribs appear to have beenexploded outward from the inside. They discover ahuge room containing many eggs, one of which releases a creature that attaches itself to theface of one of the crew. They return to their spaceship and the terror starts as terrible thingshappen to the crew as they try to find and kill the alien.
異形是一部製作於1979年的科幻恐怖電影，導演雷德利·斯科特，主演湯姆·斯凱里特，和西格妮·韋弗。電影的標題是這部電影的主要角色:一個兇猛的外星生物，它跟蹤並殺害宇航員。船員進入了一艘廢棄的外星人飛船，不久外星人進入了飛船。在飛船中，他們發現了一個龐大的外星人遺骸，它的肋骨顯然是從裡面爆炸的。他們還發現了一個大房間，裡面有許多的未出生異形卵，其中一個異形卵破殼而出，吸引了船員的注意。之後，他們返回了航船，接下來恐怖的事情發生了，他們隨即展開了對外星人的尋找和追殺。
Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success. It also received an Academy Awardfor Best Visual Effects. It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades. In 2008, it wasranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute, andas the thirty-third greatest movie of all time by Empire magazine. Movie critic Roger Ebertwrote: "One of the great strengths of Alien is its pacing. It takes its time. It waits. It allowssilences." The success of Alien generated a media franchise of novels, ic books, videogames, and toys, as well as three sequels and two prequels. It also launched Weaver's actingcareer by providing her with her first lead role.
異形這部電影既得到了很好的票房成績，同時也飽受爭議。這部電影還獲得了奧斯卡金像獎最佳視覺效果獎。在未來的幾十年中，這部影片飽受好評。2008年，美國電影學院把異形列為七部最佳科幻電影中的一部，帝國雜志把它評為33部最佳影片中的一部。影評人羅傑·艾伯特寫道：「節奏是這部電影最好的部分。在這部電影中有時間的等待，有沉寂」。異形的成功使得連環畫、小說、玩具、三部續集以及兩部先行篇相繼出現。這部影片也開啟了韋弗的電影生涯，這是她第一次在電影中擔任主角。
Casablanca is a 1942 American romantic drama film directed by Michael Curtiz. It has a star-studded cast that includes Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman. The film was based on Murray Burnett and Joan Alison's then-unproced play Everybody es to Rick's. Warner Bros. bought the play for $20,000, which was the mostanyone in Hollywood had ever paid for an unproced play. It is set ring World War II and focuses on a man torn between, in the words of one character, love and virtue. He must choose between his love for a woman, and helping her and her hu *** and escape from the Vichy-controlled Moroccan city of Casablanca so that her hu *** and can continue his fight against the Nazis.
卡薩布蘭卡是一部上映於1942年的美國浪漫主義題材情景電影，導演邁克爾·柯蒂斯。這部電影影星雲集，包括亨弗萊·鮑嘉，英格麗·褒曼。這部電影是根據默里·伯內特和瓊·艾莉森的舞台劇《大家都來里克的酒店》所創作出來的，這部舞台劇尚未發表。華納兄弟影片公司以20萬美金的價格將它買下，在好萊塢，還沒有人購買下一部尚未發表的舞台劇。這部電影發生在二戰時期，電影刻畫了男主人公在愛情和政治上的兩難選擇。他必須幫助他所愛的人，他幫助她和她的丈夫逃過了由維希政權所控制下的摩洛哥城市-卡薩布蘭卡，只有這樣，她的丈夫才能繼續對抗納粹。
Although it was an A-list film, with established stars and first-rate writers, no one involvedwith its proction expected Casablanca to be anything out of the ordinary. It was just one ofhundreds of pictures proced by Hollywood every year. The film was a solid success in itsinitial run and did well at the box office. The movie won three Academy Awards in 1944,including Best Picture. Its characters, dialogue, and music have bee iconic, although one ofthe lines most closely associated with the film — "Play it again, Sam" — is a misquotation;Bergman's character actually says: "Play it, Sam. Play 'As Time Goes By'." The film consistentlyranks near the top of lists of the greatest films of all time.
盡管這是一部一流電影，有著一線的明星和作者，但是，在它的製作工程中，沒有人認為卡薩布蘭卡會脫穎而出。它只是好萊塢每年上映的上百部電影中的一部。起初，這部電影獲得了巨大的成功，也取得了票房的佳績。1944年，這部電影獲得了三座奧斯卡獎杯，包括最佳影片獎。電影中有許多標志性的人物、對話、音樂，盡管許多對話都與電影有著緊密的聯絡。「山姆，再彈一遍」-這是一次錯誤的引用;褒曼在這里其實說的是：山姆，快彈一個，彈《時光飛逝》」。這部電影與其他優秀的電影作品齊名。